- The desire to have one’s own land and property
- The peasants’ homelessness after the repeal of serfdom
- The restrictions on freedom of craft and trade
- The lack of opportunity to get married without a residence permit
- Factors such as earlier emigration by friends/family (chain migration)
- Dissatisfaction with the political situation
- Individual reasons (such as a thirst for adventure)
- Deportation by the home country
